Digital Watermarking Based on Locally Linear Embedding (TP-P5)

Author(s) : Yonggang Fu (Shanghai Jiaotong University, China) Ruimin Shen (Shanghai Jiaotong University, China) Liping Shen (Shanghai Jiaotong University, China)

Abstract : Robustness is one of the crucial important issues in watermarking. Robustness against geometric distortion and JPEG compression at the same time remains especially challenging. In this paper, a Locally Linear Embedding(LLE) based watermarking algorithm that is robust against affine transformation is proposed. This algorithm improves the robustness via the inner robustness of the LLE. A random generated watermark is embedded in the coefficients of reconstruction weights for the locally linear embedding. In watermark extraction, the watermark can be extracted almost the same process as the watermark embedding. Experimental works have demonstrated that the watermark generated by the proposed algorithm is more robust than other watermarking algorithms reported in the literature. Specifically it is robust against almost all affine transform related testing functions in StirMark 3.1. While the approach is presented for gray-level images, it can also be applied to color images and video sequences.

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